Indonesia: Still Strong
Despite challenges brought about by the worldwide economic downturn, Indonesia's textile industry remains a stronghold.
Sarah Pelot, Associate Editor
T
he Republic of Indonesia - encompassing 17,508 islands and extending across Southeast
Asia and Oceania - has a population of some 240.3 million people, making it the fourth most
populous nation in the world. The country has a well-established, vertically integrated textile
industry that includes nearly every production stage. The World Trade Organization's (WTO's) most
recent Trade Policy Review of Indonesia reports that as of 2007, there were more than 1.2 million
people employed in the textile industry in more than 4,500 manufacturing facilities.
Indonesian Textile Association Vice Chairman Ade Sudrajat says that although textiles make up less than 4 percent of the country's gross domestic product, they play a big part in the manufacturing sector. Textiles contribute more to Indonesia's economy that any other non-oil sector, accounting for 10 percent of the country's total exports. Indonesia is one of the leading textile and apparel exporters in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. The WTO reports the country ranks first among ASEAN countries in numbers of spindles and looms, and its production capacity ranks fourth worldwide.
According to the WTO's 2008 International Trade Statistics, the country's apparel exports in 2007 were valued at US$5.9 billion, representing a 1.7-percent share in world exports; and its textile exports were valued at US$3.83 billion, accounting for a 1.6-percent share in world exports. Indonesia exports a large share of its textiles to the United States: According to the US Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Office of Textiles and Apparel's June 5, 2009, Major Shippers Report, Indonesia accounted for 4.7 percent in terms of dollars and 3.2 percent in square-meter equivalents of total textile and apparel imports into the United States in the year ended in April 2009.
The Jakarta-based Indonesian Synthetic Fiber Makers Association, which represents 14 man-made fiber manufacturers in the country, reports that Indonesia is one of the world's 10 largest man-made fiber manufacturers, with total manufacturing capacities of 500,000 tons of polyester staple fiber; 825,000 tons of polyester filament yarn; and 30,000 tons of nylon filament yarn.
According to the 2007 International Textile Machinery Shipment Statistics report of the Switzerland-based International Textile Manufacturers Federation (ITMF), 2007 saw record-high shipments of short-staple spindles, with Asia being the main recipient and Indonesia receiving 429,000 or 3 percent of the spindle shipments. Shipments of shuttleless looms also were high, with most being sent to Asia and Indonesia importing 1,400 or 2 percent of the looms. ITMF reported that short-staple spindle shipments plunged in 2008. Though Indonesia imported 179,000 fewer spindles in 2008 than in 2007, it still accounted for 2.9 percent of shipments. Shuttleless loom shipments also dropped sharply, but Indonesia increased its imports to 1,700 in 2008, and its share rose to 4 percent. Indonesia also accounted for 530 or 2.5 percent of circular and flat knitting machines shipped to Asia.
The Association of Italian Textile Machinery Manufacturers noted in the 7th edition of "The World's Textile Machinery Industry: An Overview of Trade Flows and Market Shares 2002-2008" that Indonesia was one of only three countries among the world's top ten markets for textile machinery that saw an increase in demand. While most countries' imports of Italian textile machinery drastically decreased, Indonesia's imports increased by 36 percent in 2008 over 2007.
According to the June 2009 edition of the World Bank's Indonesian Economic Quarterly, though the textile industry was impacted by the global economic downturn, Indonesia's apparel exports experienced strong and sustained growth in 2008. After textile production fell in December, quarterly data show a recovery in 2009. And in spite of the global financial conditions, the country has received considerable foreign direct investments in textile and apparel manufacturing. Indonesia's textile and apparel exports depend particularly on affluent markets - such as North America, the European Union, South and East Asia and Japan - which import the largest share of these goods.
Though demand has decreased somewhat and competition among suppliers has become tighter, with many companies reducing their workforces because of decreased orders, Indonesia's textile industry continues to show promise. With the government's prioritization of the textile industry's development, the abundance of relatively cheap labor, the relatively strong domestic market and increasing exports, Indonesia's textile industry will continue its upward climb.
July/August/September 2009
Indonesian Textile Association Vice Chairman Ade Sudrajat says that although textiles make up less than 4 percent of the country's gross domestic product, they play a big part in the manufacturing sector. Textiles contribute more to Indonesia's economy that any other non-oil sector, accounting for 10 percent of the country's total exports. Indonesia is one of the leading textile and apparel exporters in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. The WTO reports the country ranks first among ASEAN countries in numbers of spindles and looms, and its production capacity ranks fourth worldwide.
According to the WTO's 2008 International Trade Statistics, the country's apparel exports in 2007 were valued at US$5.9 billion, representing a 1.7-percent share in world exports; and its textile exports were valued at US$3.83 billion, accounting for a 1.6-percent share in world exports. Indonesia exports a large share of its textiles to the United States: According to the US Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Office of Textiles and Apparel's June 5, 2009, Major Shippers Report, Indonesia accounted for 4.7 percent in terms of dollars and 3.2 percent in square-meter equivalents of total textile and apparel imports into the United States in the year ended in April 2009.
The Jakarta-based Indonesian Synthetic Fiber Makers Association, which represents 14 man-made fiber manufacturers in the country, reports that Indonesia is one of the world's 10 largest man-made fiber manufacturers, with total manufacturing capacities of 500,000 tons of polyester staple fiber; 825,000 tons of polyester filament yarn; and 30,000 tons of nylon filament yarn.
According to the 2007 International Textile Machinery Shipment Statistics report of the Switzerland-based International Textile Manufacturers Federation (ITMF), 2007 saw record-high shipments of short-staple spindles, with Asia being the main recipient and Indonesia receiving 429,000 or 3 percent of the spindle shipments. Shipments of shuttleless looms also were high, with most being sent to Asia and Indonesia importing 1,400 or 2 percent of the looms. ITMF reported that short-staple spindle shipments plunged in 2008. Though Indonesia imported 179,000 fewer spindles in 2008 than in 2007, it still accounted for 2.9 percent of shipments. Shuttleless loom shipments also dropped sharply, but Indonesia increased its imports to 1,700 in 2008, and its share rose to 4 percent. Indonesia also accounted for 530 or 2.5 percent of circular and flat knitting machines shipped to Asia.
The Association of Italian Textile Machinery Manufacturers noted in the 7th edition of "The World's Textile Machinery Industry: An Overview of Trade Flows and Market Shares 2002-2008" that Indonesia was one of only three countries among the world's top ten markets for textile machinery that saw an increase in demand. While most countries' imports of Italian textile machinery drastically decreased, Indonesia's imports increased by 36 percent in 2008 over 2007.
According to the June 2009 edition of the World Bank's Indonesian Economic Quarterly, though the textile industry was impacted by the global economic downturn, Indonesia's apparel exports experienced strong and sustained growth in 2008. After textile production fell in December, quarterly data show a recovery in 2009. And in spite of the global financial conditions, the country has received considerable foreign direct investments in textile and apparel manufacturing. Indonesia's textile and apparel exports depend particularly on affluent markets - such as North America, the European Union, South and East Asia and Japan - which import the largest share of these goods.
Though demand has decreased somewhat and competition among suppliers has become tighter, with many companies reducing their workforces because of decreased orders, Indonesia's textile industry continues to show promise. With the government's prioritization of the textile industry's development, the abundance of relatively cheap labor, the relatively strong domestic market and increasing exports, Indonesia's textile industry will continue its upward climb.
July/August/September 2009
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印度尼西亚: 强大依然
印度尼西亚共和国面积横跨东南亚及大洋洲，由17508个岛屿组成。国内人口约2.403亿，是全球人口最多的第四大国家。印度尼西亚纺织业的体系相当完善，垂
直综合的发展几乎包含了纺织业的各个生产程序。世 界贸易组织 (WTO)最近就印度尼西亚的贸易政策发出回顾报告，指印度尼西亚于2007年共有120万人受聘于纺织业内逾4500所生产厂房。
印尼纺织业商会副主席Ade Sudrajat 表示，虽然纺织业只占国家国内生产总值不足4%，但在制造业方面却担当着十分重要的角色。以印尼经济而言，纺织业较任何非石油类行业贡献更大，占
全国总出口额10%。印尼亦是东南亚国家联盟 (东盟) 区内领先的纺织品及成衣出口国之一。按世贸报告，印尼于东盟国家中，置有最多锭子及织机；至于生产力则在国际上排行第四。
据世贸《2008 年国际贸易统计》资料，印尼2007年的成衣出口总值达59亿美元，占全球出口总额1.7%；至于纺织品的出口总额则为38.3亿美元，占全球总出口量1.6%。 印尼输出的纺织品，较多出口到美国，按美国商务部国际贸易行政部辖下纺织品及成衣办公室于2009年6月5日发出的主要输出国报告，印尼于截至2009年4月底的年度，输往美国的纺织品及成衣，若 以金额计占美国总入口量4.7%、以平方米等量计则占3.2%。
位于雅加达、代表着国内14家人造纤维制造商的印尼人造纤维制造商协会，表示印尼跻身全球十大人造纤维生产国之列，总生产力可达50万吨聚酯化纤短纤维、82.5万吨聚酯长丝及3万吨尼龙长丝。
根据瑞士国际纺织机械联合会(ITMF) 2007年度国际纺机装运统计，2007年运输的短毛锭子数量取得破纪录的新高，主要输往亚洲各国，其中印尼进口42.9万部，约占总数的3%。另外，无 梭织机的运输量亦高企，同样以输往亚洲为大宗，其中印尼进口1400部，占2%。据ITMF，短毛锭子的运输 量于2008年大幅下滑。虽然印尼2008年进口的锭子较2007年少17.9万部，但 仍占全球锭子输送量2.9%。另外，2008年全球无梭织机的运输量亦同样大幅下调，不过印尼的进口量达1700部，占有率上升至4%。在圆形针织机及横机设备方面，印尼购入530部，占亚洲进口量2.5%。
意大利纺机制造商协会在"全球纺机业：2002至2008年度贸易流向及市场分额概况"一文 (第七版) 中，指印尼是全球十大纺机销售市场中，需求仍现增长的三个国家之一。尽 管大部分国家在进口意大利纺机设备方面，数量均大幅下降，但印尼2008年的进口数字，却较2007年急跃36%。
另外，世界银行公布的《印尼经济季报》(2009年6月版) 指出，虽然印尼的纺织业受到全球经济衰退的影响，但2008年的成衣出口量却表现强劲，取得稳健增长。在纺织品产量去年12月下跌之后，2 009年首季的数据已现出复苏情况；另外，印尼亦能排除全球金融的不利因素，在纺织品及成衣的生产上取得一定数量的海外直接投资。印尼的纺织及成衣极为依赖富裕市场 -- 如北美洲、欧盟、南亚与东亚，以 及日本等，均为印尼纺织品的主要进口国。
尽管现今市场的需求有所下调，而供应商的竞争又趋于剧烈，迫使不少企业因为订单减少而必须裁员；然而印尼纺织业的表现持续良好。在政府优先发展国内纺织业、廉价劳动力相对充裕、强大的国内市场，以 及外销量不断增长的形势下，预期印尼纺织业的发展将可更上层楼。